Unusual case of bladder stone with an embedded scalpel blade.

ME is an 84-year old man who presented with a 3-year history of storage urinary symptoms associated with strangury. He had an open radical prostatectomy and direct visual internal urethrotomy 10 years prior to presentation for early prostate cancer and partial urethral stricture, respectively. A plain abdominal X-ray revealed a bladder stone in which there was an opaque foreign body embedded within the stone. A cystolithotomy was done, and the retrieved stone was cracked open, revealing a surgical blade.The patient had an uneventful recovery postoperatively.

Predictors of clinical and surgical characteristics of giant stones of the urinary bladder: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Giant stones of the urinary bladder (GSBs) are rare and usually presented as case reports. We aimed to assess the clinical and surgical characteristics of GSBs and identify their predictors. METHODS: A retrospective study of 74 patients with GSBs who presented between July, 2005 and June, 2020 was performed. Patients' demographics, clinical presentations, and surgical peculiarities were studied. RESULTS: Older age and male gender were risk factors for the occurrence of GSBs. The irritative lower urinary tract symptoms (iLUTS) were the main presenting symptoms (97.3%). Most patients were treated with cystolithotomy (90.1%). Univariate analyses showed that solitary (p < 0.001) and rough surface (P = 0.009) stones were significant factors for occurrence of iLUTS as the presenting symptoms. Also, the severity of symptoms (p = 0.021), rough surface (p = 0.010) and size (p < 0.001) of stones, and farmer occupation (p = 0.009) were significantly associated with adherence of the stone to the bladder mucosa at surgery. In multivariate analysis, the rough surface (p = 0.014) and solitary (p = 0.006) stones, and concomitant ureteral stones (p = 0.020) were independently associated with iLUTS as the main presentation. However, the stone size and severity of iLUTS were the independently associated factors for adherence of GSBs to the bladder mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: Solitary GSB, rough surface and the association with ureteral stones are independent risk factors for the occurrence of long-standing iLUTS. The stone size and severity of iLUTS were the independent predictors of adherence of GSBs to the bladder mucosa. Cystolithotomy is the main treatment, but it may be more difficult when there is bladder mucosa adherence.

IUCD as bladder stone.

Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUCDs) are commonly used in low to middle-income countries. IUCD migration into the adjacent organs, especially bladder, is exceptionally rare, though important to exclude. A 55-year-old para three post-menopausal female with history of recurrent urinary tract infections presented with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urine examination was indicative of Eschericia coli infection. Pelvic radiograph revealed an intravesical calculus having a T-shaped extension. Cystoscopy confirmed a bladder stone encasing an encrusted IUCD. Cystolithotripsy was performed, fragmenting the calculus which was then removed along with the IUCD in toto. IUCDs require regular evaluation to confirm their correct position. Gynecologists must properly counsel the patient so that the incidence of forgotten IUCDs can be minimized. Urologists need to be aware of these cases so that gynecological history is kept in mind while evaluating females with urinary symptoms. Serious complications such as intravesical migration are extremely rare but possible.

Giant urinary bladder calculi in a 60-year-old man: a case report.

Urinary bladder calculi comprise 5% of all urinary tract calculi. Giant bladder calculi are defined as a stone more than 100g in weight. However, giant bladder calculus weighted more than 500g is rare in current practice. We present a 60-year-old man who presented with dysuria, difficulty in urination, and suprapubic pain started four years ago. The plain radiology image showed big intravesical caliculi measured about 10x9cm. The calculi was removed via open cystolithotomy without postoperative complication. The caliculi weighed 750g. In conclusion, the main goal of treatment is to remove the calculi and relieve the accompanying symptoms.

Obstructive uropathy from a giant urinary bladder stone: a rare urological emergency.

A 53-year-old man presented with lower urinary tract symptoms and recurrent urinary tract infections since last 3 years without being investigated or treated properly. Examination revealed a hard mobile lump in the pelvis, and blood investigations showed raised serum creatinine of 2.9 mg/dL. Subsequent urgent ultrasound scan showed a large urinary bladder stone with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, and X-ray kidney, ureter and bladder demonstrated a 9 cm×6 cm elliptical radio-opaque shadow in the pelvis. He underwent emergency admission followed by open cystolithotomy on the next day. He was discharged after 48 hours with a urethral catheter. After 2 weeks, his renal function recovered completely; repeat ultrasound scan revealed complete resolution of hydronephrosis. Urethral catheter was removed following a normal cystogram. Uroflowmetry after 6 weeks revealed underlying bladder outlet obstruction, and he was started on alpha blocker which improved his urinary flow.

[Urolithiasis in a pet rat (Rattus norvegicus)]. / Urolithiais bei einer Heimtier-Ratte (Rattus norvegicus).

Uroliths are uncommon findings in rats. This report describes a case of a neutered male rat with dysuria due to an infectious cystitis as well as an urolith of the urinary bladder consisting of struvite and whewellit. Following cystotomy as well as treatment with antibiotics and analgetics the rat recovered rapidly.

A Bladder Stone 28 Years After Burch Colposuspension.

An 86-year-old lady was referred for a 3-cm bladder stone 28 years after Burch colposuspension. Cystoscopy showed a stone over a nonabsorbable suture, eroding from the right anterolateral bladder wall. The patient underwent a transurethral holmium laser lithotripsy and thulium laser removal of the eroded bladder wall. A high index of suspicion of suture erosion should always be present in case of de novo symptoms in women who underwent colposuspension, even in the long-term period.

Peptidome profiles in melamine diet-induced bladder stones in C57BL/6 mice.

The aim of this research was to detect potential serum biomarkers of melamine diet-induced bladder stones in C57BL/6 mice. Magnetic bead-based weak cationexchange chromatography (MB-WCX) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were employed to detect serum biomarkers in 10 mice fed a melamine diet and 10 control mice. Seventeen peaks (fold change>1.5) with a mass to charge (m/z) value of 1000-10,000 Da were detected in the two groups. Among the significant peaks, five were upregulated and the other 12 were downregulated in the model group. Among the upregulated peaks, 2954.49 and 1710.49 were found to correspond to the peptide regions of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8(Ndufα8) and basigin, respectively, by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-MS/MS). Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of Ndufα8 and basigin in another 10 model mice and 10 control mice. The western blot results confirmed the LC-ESI-MS/MS data. The expression of serum basigin and Ndufα8 was partly dependent the concentration of melamine, but no time dependence. In conclusion, Ndufα8 and basigin may be potential serum biomarkers for the detection of melamine diet-induced bladder stones in C57BL/6 mice.

[Tuberculous vesicovaginal fistula complicated by bladder stones: about an exceptional case]. / Calculs vésicaux multiples compliquant une fistule vésico-vaginale d'origine tuberculeuse: à propos d'un cas exceptionnel.

Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) continues to be a major public health problem in developing countries. Given the particular association of VVF with stones, the question that arises is whether the fistula is primary or secondary to bladder stone and then whether to use single-stage or two-stage treatment. But what is special about this study is that these rare clinical features are due to tuberculosis. We here report the case of a 62-year old female patient with a history of treated tuberculous spondylodiscitis. The patient had been declared cured 4 years before. For the previous 2 years she had been suffering from continuous urinary incontinence. Clinical examination showed almost complete vaginal synechia. Complementary scannography and cystography showed the presence of 3 stones on the way to the VVF. The largest stone measured 6cm along its longer axis with passage of contrast material into the uterovaginal cavity through the fistula. The patient was admitted to the operating room where she underwent cystolithotomy with ablation of the stones that were on the way to the fistula, biopsy of the fistulous tract and single-stage closure of the VVF in two layers without interposition of the autologous tissue. Anatomopathological results confirmed the presence of active tuberculosis on the way to the fistula, requiring resumption of antibacillary treatment for 9 months. During the follow-up visit at 3, 6 and 9 months the patient showed good clinical status with absence of urinary incontinence. VVF secondary to tuberculosis associated with urinary stones appears very little in literature. Our case demonstrates the feasibility of antibacillar medical treatment associated with single-stage surgical treatment with very satisfactory results despite the history of our patient and the duration of his disease.

A rare Foreign Body in the bladder: a surgical dressing as a bladder stone.

We report an unusual case of a foreign body removed from the urinary bladder of an 11-year-old boy, which had mimicked a recurrent bladder stone. The diagnosis was suspected by ultrasound. As the clinical presentation appeared typical, no other examination was performed. Open surgery revealed that this foreign body was a surgical dressing forgotten during the first surgery eight years earlier. The absence of clinical evidence or infectious complications related to this foreign body over such a long period was surprising.

Cirugía abdominal laparoscópica en el adulto mayor / Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery in the Aged Adult

RESUMEN Introducción: La cirugía de mínimo acceso en general y en particular la abdominal laparoscópica ha revolucionado la cirugía ofreciendo mejoría en la calidad de vida de los pacientes lo cual se hace más evidente en los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Describir la efectividad y seguridad de la cirugía abdominal laparoscópica en el adulto mayor. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva en una serie consecutiva de 204 adultos mayores con indicación de cirugía abdominal laparoscópica en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso en el primer semestre del año 2017. Resultados: La edad mediana fue de 68,0 (60-90) años, predominó el sexo femenino (71,6 por ciento). La comorbilidad en 180 pacientes (88,2 por ciento). La litiasis vesicular (43,2 por ciento), hernia inguinal (14,1 por ciento) y afecciones colorrectales (12,2 por ciento) fueron los diagnósticos más frecuentes mientras que la colecistectomía laparoscópica (44,1 por ciento), hernioplastia inguinal (14,1 por ciento) y la cirugía colorrectal (12,2 por ciento) las técnicas más realizadas. La mediana del tiempo quirúrgico fue 60,0 (15-360) minutos. Hubo una tasa de complicaciones de 6,9 por ciento, de conversión de 3,4 por ciento, reintervención de 2,0 por ciento y mortalidad de 0,5 por ciento. La mediana de la estadía hospitalaria fue de 1,0 (1-52) días. El antecedente de cirugía por cáncer se asoció con la presencia de complicaciones, p=0,000. Conclusiones: La cirugía abdominal laparoscópica constituye una opción efectiva y segura para el adulto mayor(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Minimal access surgery in general, and particularly laparoscopic abdominal surgery, have revolutionized surgery that offers improvement in the quality of life of patients, which is more evident in older adults. Objective: To describe the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic abdominal surgery in the aged adult. Methods: A descriptive investigation was carried out in a consecutive series of 204 aged adults with indication for laparoscopic abdominal surgery, at the National Center for Minimal Access Surgery, in the first semester of 2017. Results: The median age was 68.0 (60-90) years. The female sex predominated (71.6 percent). Comorbidity in 180 patients (88.2 percent). Vesicular lithiasis (43.2 percent), inguinal hernia (14.1 percent) and colorectal disorders (12.2 percent) were the most frequent diagnoses, while laparoscopic cholecystectomy (44.1 percent), inguinal hernioplasty (14.1 percent) and colorectal surgery (12.2 percent) were the most performed techniques. The median surgical time was 60.0 (15-360) minutes. There was a complication rate of 6.9 percent, a conversion rate of 3.4 percent, reintervention of 2.0 percent and mortality of 0.5 percent. The median of the hospital stay was 1.0 (1-52) days. The history of surgery for cancer was associated with the presence of complications, p=0.000. Conclusions: Laparoscopic abdominal surgery is an effective and safe option for the aged adult(AU)

Bladder Stone in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND Bladder stones are rare in pregnancy, and can be associated with adverse outcomes such as recurrent urinary tract infection and obstruction of labor. Management of bladder stones discovered in pregnancy has traditionally been done via open techniques such as cystolithotomy or with percutaneous removal. Our objective was to present a case of bladder stone in pregnancy and review prior reports on bladder stones and management in pregnancy. CASE REPORT A 28-year-old gravida 4 para 3 at 10 weeks gestation presented with dysuria, bladder spasm, weak urinary stream, and positional voiding. On first trimester ultrasound, a bladder stone (sized 3.7 cm) was identified and was confirmed by x-ray (KUB). Urology was consulted and removed the stone via cystolitholapaxy with holmium laser. Her symptoms subsequently resolved, and she went on to have an uncomplicated term spontaneous vaginal delivery. The removal of the stone enabled her to have a subsequent vaginal delivery without the potential for obstruction of labor. CONCLUSIONS Based on our review of the literature and this case report, laser cystolitholapaxy is a safe alternative to open surgery for the management of bladder stones in pregnancy. When discovered at the time of delivery, vaginal delivery is feasible if the stone is small or can be displaced. If encountered at time of cesarean delivery, then cystotomy with stone removal is recommended provided inflammation is not present.

Risk of ESRD and Mortality in Kidney and Bladder Stone Formers.

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVES: Kidney stones have been associated with increased risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, it is unclear whether there is also an increased risk for mortality and if these risks are uniform across clinically distinct categories of stone formers. STUDY DESIGN: Historical matched-cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: Stone formers in Olmsted County, MN, between 1984 and 2012 identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Age- and sex-matched individuals who had no codes for stones were the comparison group. PREDICTOR: Stone formers were placed into 5 mutually exclusive categories after review of medical charts: incident symptomatic kidney, recurrent symptomatic kidney, asymptomatic kidney, bladder only, and miscoded (no stone). OUTCOMES: ESRD, mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality. ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for baseline comorbid conditions. RESULTS: Overall, 65 of 6,984 (0.93%) stone formers and 102 of 28,044 (0.36%) non-stone formers developed ESRD over a mean follow-up of 12.0 years. After adjusting for baseline hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, gout, obesity, and chronic kidney disease, risk for ESRD was higher in recurrent symptomatic kidney (HR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.08-5.07), asymptomatic kidney (HR, 3.94; 95% CI, 1.65-9.43), and miscoded (HR, 6.18; 95% CI, 2.25-16.93) stone formers, but not in incident symptomatic kidney or bladder stone formers. The adjusted risk for all-cause mortality was higher in asymptomatic kidney (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.67) and bladder (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12-1.69) stone formers. Chart review of asymptomatic and miscoded stone formers suggested increased risk for adverse outcomes related to diagnoses including urinary tract infection, cancer, and musculoskeletal or gastrointestinal pain. CONCLUSIONS: The higher risk for ESRD in recurrent symptomatic compared with incident symptomatic kidney stone formers suggests that stone events are associated with kidney injury. The clinical indication for imaging in asymptomatic stone formers, the correct diagnosis in miscoded stone formers, and the cause of a bladder outlet obstruction in bladder stone formers may explain the higher risk for ESRD or death in these groups.

[Giant bladder stone]. / Lithiase vésicale géante.

A 67 years old patient has consulted for hypogastric pain, associated with a pollakiuria running for more than 12 months. The medical story reported genital prolapse, some episodes of haematuria and dysuria. Pelvic ultrasound showed a voluminous image of lithiasic appearance with irregular borders. A cystotomy was performed under perimedullary anesthesia allowing the extraction of a giant bladder stone measuring 7.2 cm as major axis and 5.5 cm for small axis.

Cause rare d'insuffisance rénale aigue: géant calcul de vessie chez une jeune femme: A rare cause of acute renal failure: giant urinary bladder stone in a young woman.

Giant urinary bladder stone is defined as a stone with a weight higher than 100 g. It is rare in women, accounting for approximately 2%. Its occurrence in the urinary bladder does not exceed 5% of the whole of the urinary tract. In women, the occurrence of urinary bladder stone is often secondary to a predisposing factor including intravesical foreign body, neurogenic bladder, repeated urinary infections, a history of surgery treating stress urinary incontinence. Therefore, there are some patients with a bladder stones without any obvious cause, such as primary idiopathic stone. We here report the case of a 31-year old patient with giant urinary bladder stone affecting the superior part of the urinary tract causing acute renal failure. The patient initially underwent bilateral nephrostomies to drain the superior part of the urinary tract; then giant urinary bladder stone was removed by open cystolithotomy. Etiological assessment didn't show any obvious cause.

Vía clínica de la colecistectomía laparoscópica electiva en enfermedades benignas de la vesícula biliar / Clinical pathway for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in benign diseases of the biliary vesicle

Introducción: las vías clínicas son una de las principales herramientas de la gestión de la calidad asistencial para la estandarización de los procesos asistenciales. Se ha demostrado que su implantación permite disminuir la variabilidad de la práctica clínica. Objetivos: Elaborar una vía clínica para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de enfermos con enfermedades benignas de la vesícula biliar operados por mínimo acceso. Método: se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental en el servicio de cirugía del Hospital Provincial Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del año 2011 hasta septiembre del año 2014 con una muestra de 1287 pacientes operados. Se diseñó la vía clínica mediante el consenso de expertos y se dividió la muestra en dos grupos para llevar a cabo el cuasi-experimento. Resultados: en el grupo B, 97,3 por ciento de los pacientes fueron egresados en 24 h o menos luego de ser operados; 93,9 pr ciento de los pacientes del grupo B fueron operados en 60 minutos o menos. Se observó una disminución significativa del tiempo quirúrgico en el grupo B al compararse ambos grupos (p= 0,004). Hubo una disminución estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,047) de las lesiones de la vía biliar principal en el grupo B. Conclusiones: la aplicación de la vía clínica disminuyó de forma significativa la estadía hospitalaria, los tiempos quirúrgicos y las lesiones iatrogénicas de la vía biliar(AU)

Introduction: The clinical pathways are one of the main tools for the management of the quality of care in the standardization of the caring processes. its implantation has been shown to reduce the variability of clinical practice. Objectives: To elaborate a clinical pathway for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with benign diseases of the gall bladder and operated by minimal access. Method: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in the surgery service of Saturnino Lora Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January 2011 to September 2014, with a sample of 1287 operated patients. The clinical pathway was designed upon expert consensus and the sample was divided into two groups, in order to carry out the quasi-experiment. Results: In group B, 97.3 percent of the patients were discharged after 24 hours or less of being operated; 93.9 percent of patients in group B were operated in 60 minutes or less. A significant decrease in surgical time was observed in group B, when both groups were compared (p= 0.004). The group B had a statistically significant decrease (p= 0.047) of the lesions of the main bile duct in. Conclusions: The application of the clinical pathway significantly reduced hospital stay, surgical times and iatrogenic lesions of the bile duct(AU)